Signaling system.



S. SABOT.

SIQNALINGv BYSTEI. Arrucrrxol rum nl. 1o, 1m.

Patented Sept. 22, 1908 S. CABOT.

516x ALING SYSTEM.

Arrl.|`r.\ 11nx rlum ma. 1n. non.

f Patented Sept. 22, 1908.

6 SHEETS SHEET 3 Vif/rr S5555: I IJJEIJTCIF'- S. SABOT.

, SIGHLLING BYST'BI. l urucnlon mlnnnmmisoe. 899,239, i Patented Sept. 22, 1908.

l SHEETS-8.1i C.

UNITED STAT@ BIGNALING SYBTEK.

To "Il il-iom. it muy ernicfrm lie it kiiovin that l. SitwaLi. ("Aiio'r. a citizen of the lnted States. anda resident ol' Brookline, in the count)t of \'orl'olk and State of Massachusetts. have invented a r; and useful Improvement in Signaling Systcnis,ol' which the followiiigis a siweification.

.\l v invention relates to the art of transmitting intelligence fi-oiu one .station to iinother h v means of elec!roiiiiiguetie waves,

without the use of wires to guide the waves syst-cris.

Another object of iuv invention is to provide a wirelezs'fs` telegraph transmitting system u'liith iuay be operated hv a wire telegraph transmitting operator located at a dist'aiiifrom said s vstein; and a wireless telegraph receiving system. located at the saine station as said transmitting s vstcni oi' at. a different station, which. .malwoperate a sounder or cated at a distance. from said ifccciving'svstcm and which 'may he lot-ated at the same wire telegraph 'station as s aid transmitting operat,oij.

Other special ohjects ol' ni invention are to providiwireless. telegraph s vsteius which may he operated h v and in connectii'ui with existing wire telegraph systems, and which j development of commercial wire telegraph f other wire telegraph receiving apparatus lo,

PATENT oirFiC E.

Specification ol Letten Patenti.

Applicah'on tiled Huch l0. 1906. lerlll Fo. $06,800.

i il

may he. so located 'with respect to said ,svs-

gaps or stretches existing in said lines, over i c tenis as t0 bridge h v wireless transmission example, as hodiels; of water. which are at the present time spii'iined hv lcahless: to operate,

l from i'iwiite telegraph .station located in a i city, a wireless telegraphtransmitting s vswire telegraph lines: Fig. 6 is n diagram of l teiirlocat'ed in the outskirts of said city and to relay a message received h v a wireless tele I? graph receiving .station so located to a wire iniru .isp

i Patented Sept. 22, 1908.

telegraph station li'ieuted iii said city: to render possible coiiiuumication hctweeii :in iiiland wire telegraph station. for exainpie, one located in un inland city, and vessels atV sea: to repeat a wire telegraph message h i means of a ,wireless telegraph sys-teni operated h v and in connection with a wire telegraph nys teni to a iiuiiiher of wireless telegraph stuw tions, and then if desired to relay said mcssage to other wire telegraph s vstems nier-.65 ated bv said latter wireless telegraph #im tions; to relay a wire telegraph message h v ii'ii'elessl telegraplrv to one or more wireless telegraph stations located along the route. of' a wire telegraph main line. at points of small ti'aliic devehipiiient: and, in general. to einploy wireless telegraphi to supplementexisting wire telegraph s vstems in any and all possible ways', some ol' which are hereinafter Set forth in the present application and others of which are set forth iii'in v applications, Serial Nos. 305.261, 305,262, and 305,263. tiled simultaneously lieiewith.

A further ohject. of,niv invention is to. provide a wireless telegraph system, which -may go he operated hy and in connection with un existing wire telegraph s vstem, or which may he operated independently of auch .s vsteni, and by means of which messagesmwv he transmitted in hack StrQke oise which g5 shall he intelligible. only utt-lie particular receiving station or stations for iich they are intended land by which the)- are translated `into front-stroke-)Iorse, .i'l which therefore cannot he piel-:ed u i and rend h v a foreign station attuned to tllie frequeiic)- of the electromagnetic waves hy which such. messages are transmitted.

Other objects of in v invention will hcrein' alter appear and will he particularly pointed 95 out iu t ie appended claims.

Ay invention may liest he understood by having reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this s. iecitcation, and which diagrammatically il organizations of ap )aratus and circuits wlierehv the hereinhel'iire stated ohjccts may he realized.

ln the drawings, Figures l, 2. 3, 4 and 5 E are schematic views illustrating .some of the various ways in which wireleas` telegraphy may he employed to supplement existing eoiuliined transmitting and receiving wirelustrate 10g system so associated therewith that the wireless telegraph transmitting system may be operated by said wire1 telegraph system and said wire telegraph system maybe op-- erated by said wireless telegraph receiving system; and Fig. 7 is .a diagram of a similar combined transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system and associated wire `telegraph syst-'ein (littering somewhat in detail from that shown iii Fig. 6. Fig. S is a diagrainshowing howa combined transmitting and receiving 'wireless 'telegraph system may be. associated with a wire telegraph trunk line. v

l shall i'irst delscribe the apparatus and circuit' arrangementsshown in l* igs, ti and 7 and then bv reference to the lschematic views show''i-n Figs. l to 5 inclusive, shall explain .sonic-oflie various ways in which my inven-l tion may be employed.

ln Figs. 6 and 7, is an elevated conductor and is its earth connection. )l .\l M, M" hl' are transformers. ll l', etc. are transformer primaries and lz I2 etc.. are transformer secondaries. (.f, ('12 and are condcnsers. Lis an inductancc. It it' lt are resistances. K K K ari` keys. S is a spark-gap. A is an alternating current generator or other suitable source of vibratory current. B B B are batteries." l is a wire telegraph line the terminals ai' which are grounded at E' and E.

l shall -irstassume that the switch is on its contact n, thereby opening the circuit of the magnet l and battery B, and that thc switch lY is o n its contact 11, thereby disconnecting the magnet :3 from the circuit of the oscillation detector P and connecting the telephone-T in said circuit. The key K may now he operated by hand, having been rendercd independent of control by the wire telegraph system E' 2 l ll B E". l'pon the depression of the key K, the oscillation d ctector is rendered inoperative by opening its circuit at the point k and upon a further depression of the key K the receiving system is short-circuitcd between the pointsl o and o by the contact of the screw s" with thc spring t' which is grounded at l'l. lt is inuuatcrial whether the two operations just described occur .simultaneously or successively. and if' successively, it is immaterial which one occurs irst.

Although l have found the means herein shown' and described for rendering the rccciver inoperative to be convenicnt for thel purpose, it isto be understood that various otln-,r means may be' devised for thisl purpose,

and therefore that l do not wish to limit my opening the receiver circuit. After the reo o E. preferably at increase tclegrapl-iers employ it. Y over a wire line by front-etroke-Morse, when power circuit, including the alternator A and" pri-mary I', at the point' k. By means of the step-up transformer M' the current in the riinary power circuit is translated into a iigh' potential current in the circuit of the secondary I 's and this highiotential current charges the. condenser t. lie condenser C by discharging across the spark-gap S creates tagli-frequency, higlepotentia-l electrical oscillations in the circuit C S I, which by means of the trai'isoriner )l are conveyed to the. elovated transmitting conductor system V I, potential. 'hile l d'o not. wish to limit myself to this feature, l prefer t-o employ a transformer M whose. windings are so spatially related as to render the natural period of the sonorous circuitl C l, practically independent of the. electromagnetic constants of the elevated conductor system. The oscillations so created in the elevated transmitting conductor system cause the radiation therefrom of elec t-romagnetic waves which by means of the key' K are broken up into front-stroke-Monse signals. 'Throughoutl the siecilic-ation and claims wherever the word hlorse occurs I desire to be understood as meanin the .\lorse. code or any code suitable to wireless telegraphy, and inasmuch as thc present invent-ion involves a. wireless telegraph trans'- niitt-ing system adapted to be operated from l a distance by a wire 'telegraph system, and a wireless telegraph reccivm system adapted to operate a wire telegrapi receiving apparat-us located at a distance from it, l prefer toein'ploy the Morse code, although it Will be apparent that any other cope will serve my purpose equally well. l use the term frontstroke-)lorse signals" in the sense. in which ln sending signals the key is open the relay is on itsk bac-k contact and the sounder operated .by said relay4 is held by its spring against its up contact. \Vhen the key is closed the relay is on its front contact. and closes the circuit of the sounder thereby bringing the sounder on its anvil or down contact.. Back-stroke-Niorse i in Fig` in which the key K is normally held ,self Fo an apparatus operated by the lsending key for rcndering the receiverinoperative by g ceiver has been rendered inolwrative and theT g receiving system has been short-circuited be tween the points o and o' by the closure of the in receiving position by the spring n. These waves create electrical oscillations in the eloated recei\ ing conductor system Y le a' o L l", o' l'nnd t-hc energy of said oscilla tions is translated by the transformer M, to the resonant receiving circuit "'1 attuned los i io

is the reverse of frontstroke-Mdrse, as will" NV l l U u T km operating the telephone-'l` s'sogan tu the frequency of said waves, and preferably so related the loop circuit C", l"l that its natural period is practically independent of the electromagnetic constants of said elevated receiving conductor system. The os cillatio'ii responder P, which in the present. case is shown as consistin of a cell contain: ing an electrolyte and having as anode \r a wire about l mil. in diameter ir'iclosed in' glass so that only its end is exposed, is operated liv-the difference of potential developed by said oscillations across' the tcrininalslof the condenser C, andlthcrcby current variat-ions'arc produced in the circuitm [i 1"'2 l1" l which preferably is a head telephone. f f the o iterator fails to understand a signal or series ol signals he signals "break"` bv depressing the key` K and thereby transmitting electromagnetic signal waves to tliatransinitting operator at the station from w'liich signals arc being transmitted', and the latter, who always kccps his head telephone over his ears while sending. is enabled to receive the li.eiik" signal between his ow'ii signal eleniciits wlien his key is in its` normal position.

Il will be obvious that during trai'isniission the difference of potential develo ed between the )oints o and u', which form t ie terininals of tie receiving system. is negligibly small and will not injure the delicate part-s of said svstcni, and also it will he apparent that the point of coiiiiectoii of the receiving system to the transmitting systcni during such transmission is a 'point having practically zero potential to ground. I ratus above described whereby a receiving operator may signal hreakfwithout injuring himself or his'rcceiving apparatus is the form preferred by ine in priictice'and forms an essential element of the, signaling system herein described, l do not wish to be. limited to this particular arrangement for bri-ak# well serve iny puri'iose.

When the switches X and Il are closed. the transmitting apparatus may bc actuated by the wirtl telegraph system which includes the ke\ li', and the receiving apparatus l'l, l-l inf said wire telegraph system may be actuated by the wireless telegraph receiving svstein.

"The linc l may forni a part of an ordinary closed circuit wire telegraph system and the kev h" nuiv bc of the ordinary type in use toda v. in which ii lever-switch noriuallyh'oldsl thev line closed. The lint` being normally closed. the'relavs 2 and ll are normally energized by tlie battery l-l so that the magnet t is normally lt:i'-iici","ized and the sounder I4 normallv lenergized. When thc lever switch is nioved frniii under the key K' the liuc l is opened and` therefore the relays 2 and tl are dcnergized,

ur. tion uf the relay Il results in the armature l2 Although the appa-` 'ng". inasmuch as other arrangements may.-

thc relai' 5.

being withdrawn to its liiick contact b v the .the magnet l and battery li thereby encrgizing the Amagnet l. 'llie encrgizatiou of the magnet l causes the attraction of the key K whereupon follows' the cycle ofi :eratioiis above set forth in connection witli thc description of' the manual operation of said key. 'l`he wire telegraph operator at the key K' now ce-:imences .to' signal iu the ordinary way. 'licn he closes-'his key the rclav ll encrgizcs the sounder l-t and brings the liainincr l?) down upon the anvil H while the relay 2 opens the circuit of tht` magnet l and stopsthc transmissionofclio-trouiagnetic waves. ln transmitting a dot the key K is held closed for, say. l/lttth of a second-and 'for a like period of time thc hauiiner 1.-', re-

iniiiiis upon its anvil` while the magnet l remains dencrgizcd. thereby stopping t-lic transmission of waves for such period.

lt will now he obvious that the character of the signals sent over the wire line is essen` titilly different from the character of the signals transmitted by the electromngmetic waves and furthermore that these two sets of signals are essentially tippt-.site in character. The signals scnt over t be wire line are called front-stroke-)lorsc signals. while those transmitted by electromagnetic waves are terined back-strikc-Morsesignals. l`licbiick-stiokc- )forse signals su transmitted are received hy ii system at :i distant station which preferably is identical with that shown in Fig. 6. 'lhe oscillations created in the elevated r0- ceiving conductor system at said station operate the oscillation detector which, in lieti of operating the telephone receiver', cnergizes .The energization of said relay causes the attraction of thc armatureI 6 from its back contact T, thereby cutting the le'- sistance lt in to the wire telegraph system and thereby reducing the current flowing in said system sutlicicutly to permit the spring c to draw the armature l2 of the relay ll away from its front contact, but not sittliciently to permit the spring l: of thc relay 2 to draw its armature .'t away from its froiit con tact. from its front contact, the circuit of th sounder )4 is opened and drawn to its up contact. at the key K' of the distant station closes his key. thereby stopping the transmission of waves, the relay of t he receiving station under discussion is li-energized and the resistance It', connected across tl'ie armature and y said armature which is draw-n by thc spring c against the conta-ct 7'. This inwhen the arniaturel.) is 'drawn `away the hammer l5' is- \\'lcii the. operator back contact of said rclay. is slioit-circuitctl The dcnergizal A front,strohe-Morse creases the current in the wire system and rela)` 5 to cut the resistance It into the wire telegraph line thereby causing` the spring c to open the circuit of the sounder and permitting the spring (I to bring the hammer againstI lts up contact.

It will now be observed that the operator at the distant tt'anstnittit'lg station sends front-stroke-Morse over the line l; that the wire signals are converted 'into hack-streke-Morse wireless signals; that. said back-st rohe-Morse wireless signals come into the wireless receiving station located at a. distance 'from i station; and llnallv that the received buchstrolttslorse Wire ess signals are converted into frontstroke-Morse wire signals at the sounder 14. No .operator can read backstroke-Motsedfor t he tclegrapl irsounder speaks to an operator in a definite language and ifrin this language sounds should he produced where silences would he expected and vice1 \."1'sa,the. language would bean unintelligible jargon much thesame as that produced by runninga phonograph back wards. Therefore no foreign wireless telegraph station att'uned to the frequency oll the waves by which the aforesaid back-strohe-Morse wireless sigt'tals are transmitted could read said signals witho'uttirst providing thc means herein de,- scribed or other suitahle means for converting them into front-strohe-Morse. The great advantage of sectetwv in transmission therefore attained by the present invention.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 7 is quite s intilar to that of Fig. (j and operates insuhstantiallytht'e same manner. ln Fig. 7 the circuit (2 l".. 1'l is a resonant. weeding-out i circuit whicli is interposed between thc loop Ille circuit (."l l, and the resonant receiving circuit. 1 "5 (1 and thc function of which is now' well understood. I.`pon theV depression of the ker l in Fig. 7, the receivingr svstem is short-circuited between the points o o by thel screw s pressing the spring i against the contact o. 'l`he switch J corresponds somewhat in'tunction to tli(` switch N of Fig. 6. 'hen in the position shown. the key K may be iontr`olled b r the wire telegraph key l{,'ant`l when moved to thc left so that. contacts j, L' contacts j. and i l'ca'ves the co tact i', the wireless sending apparatus is indpcndent of wire telegraph line :md may he operated b the kcv h at the wireless station. \`l'en the lte K" is cut in tht-"magnet l iscnetgized said wireless transmitting and when said key is depressed the magnet l is denergized, thus the key K constitutes in .connection with the magnet. l the means at. the wireless*transmit-ting station for sending bnck-strokeMorse 'wireless telegraph signals.

When the key K, in either Fig. 6 or 7 rosumes its normal' position (the position shown in said tiguros), a sudden impulse f current from the buttery B, which, with the resistance R and variable contact 1:" constitutes a potentiometer, may tiow through the relay and cause a fluttering of the re ay 1l. 'lo prevent this I may connect the relay.8 across tjhe. tern'tinals of the resist-ance R" which is in eluded in the circuit' of the magnot 1 and cotulect the armature 9 and front contact 1U of said relay in shunt to the terminals ff of relay 5. Then the relayl2 is energized and the. circuit of the ma et 1 is thereby opened, the inductive kick 'rom the winding of rela)- S through the resistance R"' will serve to n'taintain the shunt around the terminals of the relay 5 until the. Contact k" is closed. caused in the circuit of tte. oscillation re )onder and relay 5 by such closure will be sluintul around said relay 5 bythe'oircuit f 1o Q f'. K the. spring y holds the. armature@ against itsback contact. However, this device may be dispensed with by employing otassium hydroxid as the olectrt'ibte for t e oscillation detector.I

In the schematic views shown in Figs. l to 5 inclusive, the reference characters have the same sirmitieance as in Figs. 6 and 7. thesesc tematic views re viresents the wireless telegraph. receiving an tems and thel means associating them with the line wire I which are. shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 1 represents a signaling svste'm com- )rising two wire. systems I' and 'sep'arated y a body of water D which in existing lines' would be bridged by a cable involving a considerable iirst cost and a largo annual cost for nmintcnanec; or thecharaeter D may be supposed to represent a. gep or stretch in the wire line over which it is dilticult to maintain wire. communication. By the present invention the use of cables to span the gap D ohviated and it is possible. to maintain through transmission 'l' tween the terminal stations under conditions whei'e. otherwise such through t ransntissicn would bo impossible., without changing any ot' the o x-.rating features of the existing wire lilies I', but maintaining said operating featums in the.ir present. form as in use today.I Thlsas .uccontplishcd as indicated in Fig. l..b-\r hrtdglng the gap i) by .vireless telegraphy. The o iuration 1s as follows: The operator atl theI cft hand st ation opens his key' K' hv moving the lever-switch from under the key in thel usual In the normal position of the key so that the im .ulse of current,

Hin-- transmitting s sl animan manner, nml thereby deinergizvs thv rvlny 2, shown in Figs. 6 :md 7, und thus vuusvs t-he rudiutiun of elvelrm'mgnetie wan-vs from thv vet'tieul The vvrtivttl Y, ithsnrhs :t ).nrtion of the energy uf these wuvvs and tht-rvhy Operates thv relay 5. shown in Figs. t3 :md 7.

und, ennsvqm-ntly, thv rvvviving rvlny H'. I

lmny mild vmmnuntvnte with u vessel 0H shown nt thvright hund sdv nl rig. 1. Signuling now -proceeds in the u'snatl wuy. thv 0 ertttur :1t key K' sending frnnt-strnkvunse, the 'vvrtitttl transmitting lmvkstt'ukv.\l0rsv, the vertivnl \'I revviving; littekstreke-)lume'und tinttlly the rvlaty ll' respending` in front-strnke-)lursv. ln :ill vxisting wire telegraph lilies it is essential that the rvveiviitg eperutm' hv :ihle te ln-vak" when he fuils tu understand :t ptn-tion nl' u message, and this, in single. wire closed eireuit systems, hv dues hy simply opening his key. transmitting stattiun will not respend in tmisnn with thv mm1-ments if the. transmitting epvrutnr"s key, so therefore the transmitting 0pt-ritter closes his key und receives such instruvtiens us to repetttitin of the. message as.

thv reeeiving 0pt-ritter desires to send. It will he obvious that wireless tvlvgrn )hy vnnnot hv ttsvdV to supplement wire te vgraphy unless sume menns is provided whereby at rvt'viving operator may "break" the distant transmitting oper-.ttor through the intermediary uf the wireless system whit-h is vmpluyvd to supplement thv wire system. In thv. present rase the revviving npvrat er :it une :viminnl station muy hreak"` thvl transmitting operator at the ether terminal stitinn in the stime way as in wire telvgraphy, namely, bythe simple vx )edient of "tpeiaing his key. For e.\nmplv ii the receiving npvmtnr ut the kev K', nieves the switch lvvvr from under his key und so o )ens his line I", the relay 2 ut H' will bedlenergized und waves will he radiated bv Y, whitjli will he rvveived by and vreate in thv reeeivinf' e. parattts :tt ll electrical oscillations w tivli, when the key K ut ll, shnwn in 6 and 7, is in its nm'tmd position will operate the relity 5 nt lI amd thereby canse thv unmttnre 1'. uf the rvlny ll tu full lmek and tu remain on its. lmvk mntuvt vvvn when the key ii is closed. 'l'he transmitting o )erator at key K" will therefore know that t 1e. reveiving operator tu whnm he is sending has brnken und liv will vinse his key und receive instructions eoneerni'ng :i repetition of the mvssage. Se far as he is concerned the opt-.ration of "breaking" is just the smite as if the rvveiv ing u erahnut key K-'l were l 0n}'vd nnte his line liv 'wire Connections instead of being lrmpod onto his line .by wireless.

Eig. 2 rvprt sents how I employ my inven- Wlten this nvt-urs the sounder at the with t-hut shown in Figs. 6 und 7,-exeept that thv wire linv l isn short line or circuit whivh may hv n fvw feet in length nnd which is vmpluyvd fur the purpose ol' permitting thv t'nnvvrsinn nf lmt'k-strukv.\lnrse wireless int" l'runtstrnkv-)lursv wire. lt is obvious thut hy this system :in opvrntm' at, say. Al-

(u v llnttvrns by sending`y ire messages to .tt :mtiv (.'ity, wherv thv vvrtic-.tl V ttnd assot'izttvd nppnmtus ll muy he supposed to be hiettted, :md converting: hy sttid ttppurutus'H hiswirv messages into wireless, und it isabviuns that the nperntnr nt the kev KQ 0n thel `ship l muy (-tirnmunivnte with the nperittor 'att Albany,Il)rettking" him if desired, just its if he were loupvd mtu the wire line I.

ln commercial wireless installations it is prnetimtlly impnssihle te lov-.tte the wireless transmitting uhd revviving system in u city, :md Fig. 3 shows huw hy mvnns nf the resent invvntiun the wirt-less s vsten't muy he l inthe nutskirts nl' :t fity, :is ut ll, und he 0pvruted by it key l in the heart of the city :ind ttlsdnperute by means uf thc waves received from a dist-untstatiun the receiving up Amrstus l1 leented in the heurt of the city.

ln Fig. 4', l. is'ti wir: trunk line associated with the vertical V hy means of the appuratus 1l. shown in detutl in Figs. 6 and 7, just. :is in sztid figures the wire l is associated with the wireless system. The wireline in Fig. 4 is grounded nt. E which corresponds in funetinn with thv ,ground II'in Figs. und 7, although it. muy he located :t thousand miles uwny from thv system V Il E, ut u terminal station. The lgvy K und relay l1 ure lo vnted :it suid terminal station. As will he uin'iuus from am examination of Figs. 6 and 7, the wire line l includes the winding of re luy 2 and the back cont-.tet Tand armature 6 el' relay 5, und the twe Inttvr elements are shnnted hy the resistance li'. The com hined wireless transmitting und receiving systems Vl Il l".l may atll he atttuned to the frequency of the waves trnnsmitted hy the system V li E, und etteh of them muy be ussncinted with :Lwre line I of grt-titer or less lvngth. Q

By means el" th(` system shawn in Fig. A the wire messages, transmitted from one terminal station to the ether und through all way str ttinns in the usual manner by frent- Stmke-MUrSe, nre. converted intn haekstroke-Morse wireless und revvived at the various wireless systems which are within the sphere of influence of V H E. By the hitter they are venvvrted into front-stroke- .\lorse and sent along the wire lines I. lf desired these wire lines muy net extend uutsidt AofV the station-heuse its explained ulmve tien It communicate hy wire-wireless lief' in eonneetion with the line I en lthe ship l" twevn im inuntj wire statiun und n ship ut shown in Fig. .2. Any operutur nt uny ef the sen. The ipp-.trates in this ense is identical.' keys K', may eommunivnte with the terrented located on the niain line may put themselves ininel stations at which the keys K' and K points ol small trallic development along the route of said trunk line are coni'liined transmitting and receiving systei'ns Y, ll' EMV, ll ip, each -attiined to a dillereiit one of the systems associated \\ith thc trnnk line. lii view ol the preceding explanation it will lie apparent tliateachl'olterator at the keys li'l li, et'c. may put hinisellinto communication with the. operators at the terminal stations of the trunk line and ataiiy of the way stations along said line, and furthermore that 4the operators whose stationsare iii-to communication with the operators whose stations are located as aforesaid along the route ol said line'at points of small tratlic development where it would not pay to maintain a wire. line.

Fig, S is a fragmentary view, in which the reference numerals and charm-'ters have the same signiticance vas in Figs. (i and 7. and whitlrshows how the combined transmitting and receiving wireless systems are associated with the trunk lines l" in Figs. 4 and 5.

As indicated the winding of the magnet 5 is connected with the. oscillation detector P, the complete connections lieiiig the saine as those shown in Figs. 6 and 7.l

While I have specitica-lly descrihed an electrolytic receiver or oscillation detector as suitable for ns.l in -the systems shown in Figs. (3 and 7, it wili he obvious that any suitable wirelesstelegraph receiver may he stilistituted for said electrolytic receiver without departing from the spirit of my invention.

'While l have shown the relay 5 iiieiely conventionally, in the usual manner, it will he olivious that any relay which canlie operated h v a wireless telegraph receiver may lic employed.

1 do not wish to lic limited to the exact forni ol'apparatus or circuit arrangements which l have herein shown and described for the purpose of-niore fully disclosing niyiinventien, inasmuch as said a}.\paraftiis and cir- -cuitarrangements articafpalilc of a wide range of variation without departing from the spirit of my invention. For exam le, in lieu ot' shunting thc armature (i and bac conta ct 7 of the relay 5 with the resistance li', many other hold-over devices may he eiiiployed for controlling and operating the receiving apparatus 11', 14 without actua-ting the relav .2 and the sending device l which is cont rolled' thereby.

tem, and means so associating said systems that said wiretelegrapli system may lie operated by said wireless telegraph ieeeiving system.

4. In 'a signaling system, acombined transmittingand receiving wireless telegraph system. a wire telegraph system, and iiieans 4 so associating said systems that said wireless telegraph transmitting system may be operated hy said wire telegraph system and said `wire telegraph system may be operated by said wireless telegraph receiving` system.

5. ln a signa-ling systei'n, a wireless telcgriiph receiving system, a wire telegraph system including a receiving a )pai-attis, and. means controlled hy said wire ess telegraph receiving system for operating said receiving apparatus.

(i. ln a signaling system, aV wireless telegraph receiving system, a wire telegraph system including a receiving a )parat-tis and electromagnetic means conti'olledhy said wireless telegraph receiving system t'or operating said receiving apparatus.

7. lli a signaling system, a coiiihiiied transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system including a sending device andan oscilla'- tion detector, a. wire telegraph system, means controlled h v said wire telegraph system for operating said 'sending device and means controlled by said oscilla-tion detector for opera-ting said wiile telegraph system. l,

S. In asignaliiig system. a combined transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system including a sending device and an oscillation detector, a wire telegraph system including a key and a. rec-eivin apparat-us, means controlled hy said key lor opera-,ting said `sending device and means controlled by said oscillation detector for operating said ret aiviii" apparatus.

.t. i a signaling systenrv a wireless telegraph -tr'ansniitting syst-em including asentiing device., electromagnetic 'means for oper` ating said sending device, a circuit having an associated soarc'e of electrical energy and including said eleet'miiiagnetic means, and a wire telegraph line including means for con- -trolliiw said circuit.

1t). n a signaling system, a wireless belegraph transmitting system' including a sending device, electromagnetic means for opel'- ating said sei'iding device, a circuit having an associated source of electrical energy and5 including said electromagnetic means, u. Iwire telegraph line. means in said line l'ur nuriually ln'lding said circuit upen, and a key .n

t said line l'urcuutrelliiig said means.'

`ll. lu a signaling system, a wireless telegraph receiving system, including an uscillatiiin detectur, a wire telegraph lint` including a receiving lll(lllt` ('tllllfv4 fur operating said receiving apparatus.

lil, ln a sigtialing system. a wireless teleapparatus` and electromagnetic I died ly said tist'llliltttilt detector 1S.' ln a signaling' system, n eaimbined transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system including a sending device and an oscillatiuii determi-. a wire telegraph syst/em including a receiving apparatus, nieanscontrulled Iiy -said ire telegraph system for uperating said sending device, und means contl'iilletl liy said nscillatlott detector for oper ating said receiving apparatus without trperating lsaid sending device.

19. ln u Isignaling system, a cfiinliined transmitting ainl receiving wireless tele graph Asystem including a sending device and an nscillatiun detector, a wire telegraph system including a receiving'apparatus, means cuntrnlled hy said wire telegraph System for operating said sending device, and means cuntrnlled hy said nscillatiun detector lui: ref during the current in said wire telegraph tem sulliciently to operate said.receiving"i\/p paratus hut'nut sul.ciently tu'nperate sending device.

graph receiving system including an nseillatimidetectni'. a wire telt-grit ih line including a receiving apparatus and 'iavmg the hack enntact and arn'ntture ul' a reiay cnnnected l'll therein'. and a circuit ct'intrnlled by said tiscillatigiu detectar and including the winding f: nl' said relayA li. ln a signaling sys-tem, a wireless tele.- graph receiving system. including an istallai l l i i l l tiun detecturja wire telt-vra ih line including a receiving appaiatus and iaviug the hack .cnntact and armature nl ,a relay connected theietu. a resistance shtmted arutind said eniitact and arinatuie. and a circuit ennti'ulled hv said nscillatiun detectnr and ineluding the winding (if said relay.

l5. ln a signaling system. a Wireless telegraph receiving svstern including au oscillat tien detecter, a ne tel graph lme including t a receiving apparatus. and means controlled liy said uscillatiuirdetectur fur increasing the resistance nl' sai" ire telegraph line withuut hreaking the 'cnntinuity nl' lsaid line.

2t). ln a signaling system` a cunihiiietl transmitting and receiving wireless' telegraph system including a sending device and an u seillatinn detecter. :i vire telegraph svateni including a receiving apparatus. a re ay in said wire telegraph system uperating said sending device nnly when said wire telegra lt system is npezwil. and a relay controlled )y lsaid tiscillatinn detectar l'ur reducing the.

current in `said wire telegraph system stifliciently to operate said receiving apparatus` without upeiiing said ire telegraph system.

2t. In a signaling system, u wireless telegraph trai'ismitting stein, navireV telegraph system', means su assuciatiiig said syst-eins l that said wireless; telegraph transmitting system may he operated hy said vire telegraph system andmeans fur rendering-said wireless telegraph transmitting system independent if said wire telegraph system.

22. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph receiving system, a tvire t-elegrap'li srsteni. means su associating said systems t iat said wire telegraph system may he operated i6. ln a signaling system. a wireless telel 4graph receiving .system including an nseillaih line including j tnin detecter. a wire telegral -a receiving apparatus and cuntact and armature if 'aviiig the hack a relay cunnccted liy said wireless telegraph receiving system, and means fur rendering said wire telegraph. system independent if said wirelesstelegraph receiving system.

tlieretu. a eir'cuit cuntrulled hy said oscilla--V tinn detecter and including the winding if said relay. and means operated hy said relay fur increasing the resistance il said wire telegraph liuc ithuut breaking the cuiitinuity i ul said line.

i7. ln a signaling systi'un'a wireless telegraph receiving system including an oscillatiun detectar. a wire teleara ih h-ne includimr J- Y' a receiving apparatus and a st ur'ee nl' electric current'. and means cuntiulled hy s aid ist-illntiun detector fui' decreasing the current in said linettitlnmt h iealti I said line.

ng the cnntinuty uf i 23. ln a signaling system, a, cunilfiirtcd transmitting and receiving \vire.less.tele` graph system. a wire telegraph system, iin-ans su assnciating said systems that said wireless telegraph transmitting system may lie tipi-rated hy said wire telegraph system Yand said'a'ire telegraph system may be operated hy said 'wireless telegraph receiving system. means ur rendering said wireless tele gra ih transmitting system independent of .sait .vire telegraph sy teni and means fer rei'n'lering said Awire tele raplt syst'cm independent if said wirelesstelegraph receiving systetln 24. lnA a signaling Sysu-m. 'a' cmlahetl bpm said oscillation'detector for operating said receiving apparatus, n circuit connected in shunt to said l'ast mentioned means, and means associated with and operated by the first mentioned nieans for closing said circuit..

25. In a signaling system, a wireless tele-A grapl-r transmitting systenr and means for sending hack-stroke)[orse signals thereby,

nl combination with a wireless telegraph receiving system adapted to receive said sig'- nals'and means associated with said wireless telegraph receiving system for' converting said signals into front-stroke-Morse signals. l

26. In a signaling system, a wire-telegraph system, 'means for sending front-stroke Morse signalsthereby, and means associated with said wire Vtelegraph system for rpeating said signals into a wireless telegraph transmitting system and' for eonvertine said signals into back-stroke-Morse signa s, in combination with a wireless telegraph rcceiving system'adapted to receive said wireless telegraph signals and means associated with said wireless telegra ih receiving system for repeating said'sigmt s into a wire .telegraph system and for converting saitl signals into frontstroke-llorse.

27. 4In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph system mcludmg'a sending device and a receiving device, a wire telegraph system associated with said'wireless telegraph system. and means operated by sait receiving device foroperating said wire telegraph systern without. operating said sending device. 28. In a signalingsystem, a wireless telegraph receiving system and means associated therewith for operating a wire telegraph receiving' apparatus located at a distant point. 29. n a signaling system, a wire telegraph system, means associated therewith for oper.

ating a wireless telegraph transmitting system from a dist ant. point, a wireless telegraph receiving system located at a distant-e fiom said wireless telegraph transmitting system, and means associated therewith for operating a receiving apparatus located at a. distance from said wireless telegraph receiving system.

30. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system, means for operating the same by a wire telegraph system, a wireless telegraph receiving system and means for operating a` wire telegraph system therebix A .'l. l'n a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system. means for operating the same by a wire telegraph system, a wireless telegraph receiving system, means foroperating a wire telegraph system there' sommati any, and means wherel-vy the wire telegraph operators may lire-ak"r through the inter-l mediarv of said wireless telegraphsystems.

32. ln a signaling system, a wire telegraph system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system operated thereby, a wireless tele-l graph receiving system, and wire telegraph system operated thereby.

133. In a signaling system, a wire telegraph system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system operated thereby, awireless telegraph receiving system, a wire teh-gra h system operatedthereby and means w lerehy the terminal-station wire-telegraph operators may break" through the intermediary of 'said wireless telegraphsystems.

34,. In a signaling system, awire telegraph trunk line, a wireless telegraph transmitting svstem associated therewith andol'icrat-ed thereby for transmitting by electromagnetic: waves the signals sent over said trunk in e, a

pluralityY of wireless telegraph receiving sys tems, all attuned to the frequency of thc waves transmitted by said wireless telegra )h transmitting system and located within t e sphere'of influence of said wireless telegra h transmitting system, and means whereby tte operators at said wireless telegraph'stationstrunk line.

may 'eommunitate with the operators on said 35.-' ln'a signaling system, a wire telegraph trunk line, a"'wireless telegraph transmitting' svstem associated therewith and opera ted thereby for transmitting by electrommfnetic waves the signals .sentover said trunk ine, aplurality of wireless telegraph receiving sys tems operated bysaid electromagnetic waves, and a plurality of wire telegraph lines each associated with and o ierated by adifl'erent one of said wireless telegraph receiving systems.

36. I n a signaling system, a. wire telegraph trunk line, a.' plurality of wireless telegraph transmitting systems "each adapted to transmitelect'romagnetiesignal"waves of a detinite frequency, means so associating said systems with said trunk line that the wire telegraph signals'a-re converted into wireless'y telegraph signals, and a plurali-ty ofwireless telegraph receiving-systems located along the routeof said trunk line at places of small tratlie development and each adapted to be actuated by a different one of stud wireless telegraph transmitting systems.

37. in a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmit-ting system and means associated therewith for sending back-stroke Morse signals thereby.

3S. In a signaling system, a wireless telera )h receiving syst-em, adapted to receive ac "stroke-Morse signals, and means asso-A 'ciated therewith for converting said signals into front-stroke-ltIorse signals.

'.39. A home station, a wireless station, l

wire circuit from the home station to the- Vas wireless station, wireless .Qt-inline apparatus at the wireless stat-ion includi.,J .s generator' f and spark coil, av 'relay at the wireless station controlled by said, wire circuit, a second rvlay y I luy at the wireless station controlled by tlle wire circ-uit. for controlling the wireless sending apparatus. 1

1n testimony whereof, I have licreuntc l subscribed my nume this 8th vluy ot' Meli.

SEWALL (SABOT.

\Vitnesses: l

E. B. Touuxson', Gmo. K. Woonwon'rn. 

